Ivan Pavlov:
1. What was Pavlov actually studying when he developed his theory of classical conditioning?
-Pavlov was studying the digestive system in animals, but was then interested in the reaction of animals in presented situations.
2. Explain (in detail) how Pavlov's experiment was conducted.
- The dog was brought food to measure salivation. He wanted to know if he could make a dog salivate without the presence of food. He first rung the bell and then brought the food, after doing this several times the dog started drooling when the bell was rung but no food was presented.
3. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Pavlov's experiment.
-The conditioned stimulus was the bell, the unconditioned stimulus was the food, and the conditioned response from the experiment was the dog’s salivation.
4. Explain what extinction means in relation to classical conditioning.
-Extinction is a slow but sure weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditional response tendency.
5. Explain what stimulus generalization means in relation to classical conditioning.
-Stimulus generalization is when the dog who has been conditioned to salivate to the sound of only ONE bell, may salivate to a similar sounding bells.
6. Explain what stimulus discrimination means in relation to classical conditioning.
-Stimulus discrimination is when you are taught to respond to only one stimulus but not another.
7. Explain at least two limitations of this experiment.
-Pavlov had to change the route of the dogs salivary gland, to prove this worked on humans he also had to test it on them.
8. Explain what Pavlov theorized about how we learn.
- He theorized that we learned through association.
John B. Watson:
1. Explain (in detail) how Watson's "Little Albert" study was conducted?
-Watson wanted to study the behaviors in humans. He first presented Little Albert several furry animals. A rat, a bunny, a monkey, a dog, and two mask one with hair and one without hair. 2 months later little Albert was placed in a laboratory and was exposed to a white rat which he was able to play with. When Albert played with the rat, n the background Watson and his assistant would band on a steel bar with a hammer frightening little Albert.
2. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Watson's study?
-Conditioned stimulus was the rat, the unconditioned stimulus was the loud noise, and the conditioned response was Albert crying.
3. Explain at least two limitations of this study.
- It was unethical, and could not be tested on another human again.
4. Explain Watson's law of frequency.
- The more frequent a stimulus and response occurs in association with each other, the stronger the habit.
- The response that has occurred after a particular stimulus is the response most likely associated with that stimulus.
6. Explain the basic assumptions of behaviorism according to Watson.
- He believed that behaviorism was almost all psychology since he believed that psychology was the study of human’s behavior. He thought he could study people’s behavior objectively.
Works Cited
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